That The Chance Of Gain Is Naturally

A Monopoly Granted Either To An Individual Or To A Trading Company Has The Same Effect As A Secret In Trade Or Manufactures. The Monopolists, By Keeping The Market Constantly Understocked, By Never Fully Supplying The Effectual Demand, Sell Their Commodities Much Above The Natural Price, And Raise Their Emoluments, Whether They Consist In Wages Or Profit, Greatly Above Their Natural Rate.

The Real And Effectual Discipline Which Is Exercised Over A Workman Is That Of His Customers. It Is The Fear Of Losing Their Employment Which Restrains His Frauds And Corrects His Negligence.

The Sneaking Arts Of Underling Tradesmen Are Thus Erected Into Political Maxims For The Conduct Of A Great Empire; For It Is The Most Underling Tradesmen Only Who Make It A Rule To Employ Chiefly Their Own Customers. A Great Trader Purchases His Good Always Where They Are Cheapest And Best, Without Regard To Any Little Interest Of This Kind.

It Seldom Happens, However, That A Great Proprietor Is A Great Improver.

It Is Not Very Unreasonable That The Rich Should Contribute To The Public Expense, Not Only In Proportion To Their Revenue, But Something More Than In That Proportion.