I Don't Think Nationalism Is Alone Holding

To Give Preference To The Life Of A Being Simply Because That Being Is A Member Of Our Species Would Put Us In The Same Position As Racists Who Give Preference To Those Who Are Members Of Their Race.

If Evolution Is A Struggle For Survival, Why Hasn't It Ruthlessly Eliminated Altruists, Who Seem To Increase Another's Prospects Of Survival At The Cost Of Their Own?

Suppose I Grant That Pigs And Dogs Are Self-aware To Some Degree, And Do Have Thoughts About Things In The Future. That Would Provide Some Reason For Thinking It Intrinsically Wrong To Kill Them - Not Absolutely Wrong, But Perhaps Quite A Serious Wrong. Still, There Are Other Animals - Chickens Maybe, Or Fish - Who Can Feel Pain But Don't Have Any Self-awareness Or Capacity For Thinking About The Future. For Those Animals, You Haven't Given Me Any Reason Why Painless Killing Would Be Wrong, If Other Animals Take Their Place And Lead An Equally Good Life.

Since Ancient Times, Philosophers Have Maintained That To Strive Too Hard For One's Own Happiness Is Self-defeating.

Every Day We Act In Ways That Reflect Our Ethical Judgements.