Dualistic Doctrines That Regard Mind And Body

To The Extent That Children With Similar Characteristics Achieve Comparable Performance Levels, Using The Performances Of Similar Peers Is Likely To Yield More Accurate Self-appraisal Than Using The Accomplishments Of Dissimilar Peers

Discrepancies Between Self-efficacy Judgment And Performance Will Arise When Either The Tasks Or The Circumstances Under Which They Are Performed Are Ambiguous

We Are More Heavily Invested In The Theories Of Failure Than We Are In The Theories Of Success.

People Who Are Burdened By Acute Misgivings About Their Coping Capabilities Suffer Much Distress And Expend Much Effort In Defensive Action... They Cannot Get Themselves To Do Things They Find Subjectively Threatening Even Though They Are Objectively Safe. They May Even Shun Easily Manageable Activities Because They See Them As Leading To More Threatening Events Over Which They Will Be Unable To Exercise Adequate Control.

People Who Underestimate Their Capabilities Also Bear Costs, Although, As Already Noted, These Are More Likely To Take Self-limiting Rather Than Aversive Forms. By Failing To Cultivate Personal Potentialities And Constricting Their Activities, Such Persons Cut Themselves Off From Many Rewarding Experiences. Should They Attempt Tasks Having Evaluative Significance, They Create Internal Obstacles To Effective Performance By Approaching Them With Unnerving Self-doubts